ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯨꯁ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯕꯜ ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗ꯫

HA4543 ꯄꯨꯁ-ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯕꯜ ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗ꯫

HA4543 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯄꯨꯁ-ꯑꯃꯨꯛꯇꯪ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯄꯥꯔꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ꯫ꯄꯨꯁ-ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗ꯫, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯆ-ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯖ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯄꯤꯜ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯃꯂꯦꯁ, ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯴꯵ꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨ-ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ-ꯔꯣꯜꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯱꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯲꯸ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ (ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ), ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ ꯄꯨꯁ-ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯁꯣꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.

ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ, ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯨꯁ-ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ꯫

ꯀꯣꯜꯗ-ꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯴꯵ꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨ-ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ/ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ꯫

꯱꯰-꯲꯸ ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ (ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ)

ꯑꯍꯨꯝ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ

ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

꯳-ꯐꯣꯜꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯋꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯋꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯤꯕꯤꯁꯟ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯋꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯚꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯋꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ꯫

꯱.꯲ꯃꯤꯃꯤ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ꯫ 48 HRSꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ 5%ꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫

ꯗꯤꯇꯥꯆꯦꯕꯜ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ, ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯔꯦꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ꯫

ꯗꯤꯇꯥꯆꯦꯕꯜ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ, ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯔꯦꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ꯫

 

ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ꯫

 

ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯟꯠꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯜ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫

HA4543 ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯁ-ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯥ, ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯈꯅꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

꯱.ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯛꯕꯥꯔꯤ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫lf ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

꯲.ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯅꯤ,ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯇꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫

꯳.ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯚꯔꯤ ꯇꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ: FOB, CFR, CIF, EXW, DDP, DDU, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯞꯔꯦꯁ ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯚꯔꯤ;
ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯗ ꯄꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯦꯅꯐꯝ: ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.;
ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯈꯜ: ꯇꯤ/ꯇꯤ, ꯑꯦꯜ/ꯁꯤ, ꯗꯤ/ꯄꯤꯗꯤ/ꯑꯦ, ꯃꯅꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ, ꯄꯦꯄꯔꯂꯦꯁ, ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ, ꯀꯦꯁ, ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯣ;

꯴.ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ꯫ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯅꯤ꯫ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯣꯔꯇꯦꯟꯇ,ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜꯅꯤ꯫ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯍꯠ ꯇꯦꯒꯁ: ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯨꯁ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯕꯜ ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯆꯦꯟ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯨꯁ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯕꯜ ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯗ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ꯫